1.
Harappan/ Indus
Civilization (2500 BC -1750 BC)
The 89 oldest name – Indus Civilization.
According to
archaeological tradition , the most appropriate name_ Harappan
Civilization ( Harappa – the First discovered site).
According to geographical point of view, the most
suitable name_ Indus
_ Saraswati Civilization (the
largest concentration of settlement -
along the Indus - Saraswati river
valley; 80% settlement along the
Saraswati).
The most accepted period_ 2500 BC -1750 BC(by Carbon -14
dating).
John Marshall was
the first scholar to use the term ‘Indus Civilization’.
The Indus Civilization belongs to Proto- Historic Period
( Chalcolithic Age / Bronze Age).
The Indus Civilization was spread over Sindh, Baluchistan , Punjab,
Haryana, Rajasthan ,
Gujarat, Western U.P. and Northern Maharashtra.
Scholars
generally believe that Harappa – Ghaggar- Mohenjodaro axis represents the heartland
of the Indus Civilization.
The Northern – most site of Indus Civilization – Ropar (Sutlej)/Punjab (Earlier); Manda ( Chenab)/ Jammu- Kashmir (Now ). The Southern- most site of
Indus Civilization _ Bhagatrav ( Kim)/Gujarat (Earlier); Daimabad (Pravara)/ Maharasssshtra
(Now).
The Eastern –most site of Indus Civilization_ Alamgirpur
( Hindon/ Uttar Praddesh.
The WESTERN – Most site of Indus Civilization- Sutkagendor
(Dashk)/Makran Coast , Pakistan_ Iran Border.
Capital Cities - Harappa, Mohenjodaro
Port Cities - Lothal , Sutkagendor, Allahdino , Balakot , Kuntasi