· On one side were Germany, Italy and Japan, called the axis powers (or central powers), and on the other were Great Britain, France, USSR, USA, china etc. called the allied powers (or allies).
· Germany had to face defeat once again. Hitler, Goebbels &Himmler committed suicide (April 30, 1945) and their successors surrendered unconditionally on May 7, 1945. After the fall of Germany, USA and UK concentrated their focus against Japan. On aug. 6, 1945, and atom bomb, ‘little boy’, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. Japan was asked to surrender and when she refused another tom bomb,’ fat man’, was dropped on aug. 9, 1945, on the city of Nagasaki. It is estimated and that more than one laky person was killed and leaving thousands more slowly dying of radiation poisoning. On aug. 14, 1945, Japan conveyed its acceptance of the allied demand to surrender but the actual surrender took place on sep. 2, 1945. With the Japanese surrender, the Second World War came to an end.
· Effects of WW II: (I) after about 15 months of preparatory work, the peace treaties were given a final shape by the 21 participating countries and they were signed on Feb. 10,1947, in Paris by the representatives of the give enemy states and the allied powers. as regards Germany she was occupied by the big four. After its fall in may, 1945, it ws divided into four zones, each of which was administered separated by one of the occupying powers. Berlin came under joint occupation. Ultimately out of one Germany came two countries – West Germany and east Germany. Italy was also deprived of her colonies. As regards Japan, a peace treaty was signed with her as san Francisco in 1951.(II) the united nation organization (UNO) was established in oct. 24,12945. (III) The USA and USSAR emerged as the two most powerful nations in the world. (IV). The emergence of Russia(USSR)
· Gave rise to the desire for freedom in colonies under Europeans control in more colonies won independence. (VI). Nearly all the easy European countries embraced communism and communist rule was established in the Chinese mainland also.