1861 – American civil war started. Abraham Lincoln elected 16th president of USA.
1863 – Slavery abolished in America.
1869 – Sues cannel opened for traffic.
1885 –General Gordon captured and slain at Khartoum.
1899 –beginning of the Boer war.
1904 – Outbreak of the Russo – Japanese war.
1905 – Battle of the Sea of Japan; Japan inflicted a crushing naval defeat on Russia; a wave of nationalism spread in Asia.
1911 – Chinese republican revolution; Amundsen reached south pole (Dec. 14).
1914 – Outbreak of World War I (July 28)
1916 – Battle of Jutland (naval battle). The British grand fleet under admiral Jellico defeated the German felt under admiral sheer.
1917 – March / Feb. Revolution inrussia: the czar abdicated and later assassinated; reformist Mensheviks came into power (prince Lvov, Kerensky).
Nov./ oct. Revolution in Russia: revolutionary Bolsheviks came into power ( Lenin).
1918 – End of World War I (Nov. 11).
1919 –the Paris conference; the treaty of Versailles.
1920 – Foundation of the League of Nations (Jan .10).
1921 – The Irish Free State established with the status of a dominion like Canada (Dec.60.
1923 –Turkish republic proclaimed with kemal Ataturk as its first presidents.
1924 – Line died, and power passed into the hands of Stalin in Russia.
1925 –treaty of Locarno (between Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Belgium)
1928 – Kellogg pact (signed in Paris by the principal; powers of the world for the prevention of war; it had no effect).
1933 – Hitler became the chancellor of Germany.
1935 – War between Italy and Abyssinia (Ethiopia); Italy annexed Abyssinia (Ethiopia); plebiscite in sear.
1939 – Germany invaded Poland; outbreak of World War II (sep. 1).
1940 – fall of France after German invasion (june 5 ); Italy entered world web II (june II).
1941 – Hitler invades Russia (june (22); framing of the Atlantic charter (aug. 14); Japan attacked pear harbor (Hawaii island) (Dec.7); USA entered world war II (Dec. 8). China entered World War II (Dec. 10)) air raids by Japan on Rangoon (Dec 22 0.
1942 – capture of Singapore by Japanese force (fe.15 ); battle of coral sea, Japanese fillet suffered
heavy losses at the hands of the American fleet (may3); battle of Stalingrad (sep. 119).
1943 – Allied forces landed in Normandy under the supreme command of general like (Eisenhower); (d –day_ day_) (June 6); liberation of Paris (Aug, 25).
1945 –execution of Mussolini (apr.22); unconditional surrender of Germany to the allies (may7); USA dropped atom bonbon Hiroshima & Nagasaki of Japan (Aug. 9); Actual surrender of Japan (sep 2) ; world war II ended (sep2 ); foundation of UNO (oct. 24).